Using as: Top

Using as

Table of Contents

  • 1 Overview
    • 1.1 Structure of this Manual
    • 1.2 The GNU Assembler
    • 1.3 Object File Formats
    • 1.4 Command Line
    • 1.5 Input Files
    • 1.6 Output (Object) File
    • 1.7 Error and Warning Messages
  • 2 Command-Line Options
    • 2.1 Enable Listings: -a[cdghlns]
    • 2.2 --alternate
    • 2.3 -D
    • 2.4 Work Faster: -f
    • 2.5 .include Search Path: -I path
    • 2.6 Difference Tables: -K
    • 2.7 Include Local Symbols: -L
    • 2.8 Configuring listing output: --listing
    • 2.9 Assemble in MRI Compatibility Mode: -M
    • 2.10 Dependency Tracking: --MD
    • 2.11 Output Section Padding
    • 2.12 Name the Object File: -o
    • 2.13 Join Data and Text Sections: -R
    • 2.14 Display Assembly Statistics: --statistics
    • 2.15 Compatible Output: --traditional-format
    • 2.16 Announce Version: -v
    • 2.17 Control Warnings: -W, --warn, --no-warn, --fatal-warnings
    • 2.18 Generate Object File in Spite of Errors: -Z
  • 3 Syntax
    • 3.1 Preprocessing
    • 3.2 Whitespace
    • 3.3 Comments
    • 3.4 Symbols
    • 3.5 Statements
    • 3.6 Constants
      • 3.6.1 Character Constants
        • 3.6.1.1 Strings
        • 3.6.1.2 Characters
      • 3.6.2 Number Constants
        • 3.6.2.1 Integers
        • 3.6.2.2 Bignums
        • 3.6.2.3 Flonums
  • 4 Sections and Relocation
    • 4.1 Background
    • 4.2 Linker Sections
    • 4.3 Assembler Internal Sections
    • 4.4 Sub-Sections
    • 4.5 bss Section
  • 5 Symbols
    • 5.1 Labels
    • 5.2 Giving Symbols Other Values
    • 5.3 Symbol Names
    • 5.4 The Special Dot Symbol
    • 5.5 Symbol Attributes
      • 5.5.1 Value
      • 5.5.2 Type
      • 5.5.3 Symbol Attributes: a.out
        • 5.5.3.1 Descriptor
        • 5.5.3.2 Other
      • 5.5.4 Symbol Attributes for COFF
        • 5.5.4.1 Primary Attributes
        • 5.5.4.2 Auxiliary Attributes
      • 5.5.5 Symbol Attributes for SOM
  • 6 Expressions
    • 6.1 Empty Expressions
    • 6.2 Integer Expressions
      • 6.2.1 Arguments
      • 6.2.2 Operators
      • 6.2.3 Prefix Operator
      • 6.2.4 Infix Operators
  • 7 Assembler Directives
    • 7.1 .abort
    • 7.2 .ABORT (COFF)
    • 7.3 .align abs-expr, abs-expr, abs-expr
    • 7.4 .altmacro
    • 7.5 .ascii "string"…
    • 7.6 .asciz "string"…
    • 7.7 .balign[wl] abs-expr, abs-expr, abs-expr
    • 7.8 Bundle directives
      • 7.8.1 .bundle_align_mode abs-expr
      • 7.8.2 .bundle_lock and .bundle_unlock
    • 7.9 .byte expressions
    • 7.10 CFI directives
      • 7.10.1 .cfi_sections section_list
      • 7.10.2 .cfi_startproc [simple]
      • 7.10.3 .cfi_endproc
      • 7.10.4 .cfi_personality encoding [, exp]
      • 7.10.5 .cfi_personality_id id
      • 7.10.6 .cfi_fde_data [opcode1 [, …]]
      • 7.10.7 .cfi_lsda encoding [, exp]
      • 7.10.8 .cfi_inline_lsda [align]
      • 7.10.9 .cfi_def_cfa register, offset
      • 7.10.10 .cfi_def_cfa_register register
      • 7.10.11 .cfi_def_cfa_offset offset
      • 7.10.12 .cfi_adjust_cfa_offset offset
      • 7.10.13 .cfi_offset register, offset
      • 7.10.14 .cfi_val_offset register, offset
      • 7.10.15 .cfi_rel_offset register, offset
      • 7.10.16 .cfi_register register1, register2
      • 7.10.17 .cfi_restore register
      • 7.10.18 .cfi_undefined register
      • 7.10.19 .cfi_same_value register
      • 7.10.20 .cfi_remember_state and .cfi_restore_state
      • 7.10.21 .cfi_return_column register
      • 7.10.22 .cfi_signal_frame
      • 7.10.23 .cfi_window_save
      • 7.10.24 .cfi_escape expression[, …]
      • 7.10.25 .cfi_val_encoded_addr register, encoding, label
    • 7.11 .comm symbol , length
    • 7.12 .data subsection
    • 7.13 .def name
    • 7.14 .desc symbol, abs-expression
    • 7.15 .dim
    • 7.16 .double flonums
    • 7.17 .eject
    • 7.18 .else
    • 7.19 .elseif
    • 7.20 .end
    • 7.21 .endef
    • 7.22 .endfunc
    • 7.23 .endif
    • 7.24 .equ symbol, expression
    • 7.25 .equiv symbol, expression
    • 7.26 .eqv symbol, expression
    • 7.27 .err
    • 7.28 .error "string"
    • 7.29 .exitm
    • 7.30 .extern
    • 7.31 .fail expression
    • 7.32 .file
    • 7.33 .fill repeat , size , value
    • 7.34 .float flonums
    • 7.35 .func name[,label]
    • 7.36 .global symbol , .globl symbol
    • 7.37 .gnu_attribute tag,value
    • 7.38 .hidden names
    • 7.39 .hword expressions
    • 7.40 .ident
    • 7.41 .if absolute expression
    • 7.42 .incbin "file"[,skip[,count]]
    • 7.43 .include "file"
    • 7.44 .int expressions
    • 7.45 .internal names
    • 7.46 .irp symbol,values …
    • 7.47 .irpc symbol,values …
    • 7.48 .lcomm symbol , length
    • 7.49 .lflags
    • 7.50 .line line-number
    • 7.51 .linkonce [type]
    • 7.52 .list
    • 7.53 .ln line-number
    • 7.54 .loc fileno lineno [column] [options]
    • 7.55 .loc_mark_labels enable
    • 7.56 .local names
    • 7.57 .long expressions
    • 7.58 .macro
    • 7.59 .mri val
    • 7.60 .noaltmacro
    • 7.61 .nolist
    • 7.62 .octa bignums
    • 7.63 .offset loc
    • 7.64 .org new-lc , fill
    • 7.65 .p2align[wl] abs-expr, abs-expr, abs-expr
    • 7.66 .popsection
    • 7.67 .previous
    • 7.68 .print string
    • 7.69 .protected names
    • 7.70 .psize lines , columns
    • 7.71 .purgem name
    • 7.72 .pushsection name [, subsection] [, "flags"[, @type[,arguments]]]
    • 7.73 .quad bignums
    • 7.74 .reloc offset, reloc_name[, expression]
    • 7.75 .rept count
    • 7.76 .sbttl "subheading"
    • 7.77 .scl class
    • 7.78 .section name
    • 7.79 .set symbol, expression
    • 7.80 .short expressions
    • 7.81 .single flonums
    • 7.82 .size
    • 7.83 .skip size , fill
    • 7.84 .sleb128 expressions
    • 7.85 .space size , fill
    • 7.86 .stabd, .stabn, .stabs
    • 7.87 .string "str", .string8 "str", .string16
    • 7.88 .struct expression
    • 7.89 .subsection name
    • 7.90 .symver
    • 7.91 .tag structname
    • 7.92 .text subsection
    • 7.93 .title "heading"
    • 7.94 .type
    • 7.95 .uleb128 expressions
    • 7.96 .val addr
    • 7.97 .version "string"
    • 7.98 .vtable_entry table, offset
    • 7.99 .vtable_inherit child, parent
    • 7.100 .warning "string"
    • 7.101 .weak names
    • 7.102 .weakref alias, target
    • 7.103 .word expressions
    • 7.104 .zero size
    • 7.105 .2byte expression [, expression]*
    • 7.106 .4byte expression [, expression]*
    • 7.107 .8byte expression [, expression]*
    • 7.108 Deprecated Directives
  • 8 Object Attributes
    • 8.1 GNU Object Attributes
      • 8.1.1 Common GNU attributes
      • 8.1.2 MIPS Attributes
      • 8.1.3 PowerPC Attributes
      • 8.1.4 IBM z Systems Attributes
    • 8.2 Defining New Object Attributes
  • 9 Machine Dependent Features
    • 9.1 AArch64 Dependent Features
      • 9.1.1 Options
      • 9.1.2 Architecture Extensions
      • 9.1.3 Syntax
        • 9.1.3.1 Special Characters
        • 9.1.3.2 Register Names
        • 9.1.3.3 Relocations
      • 9.1.4 Floating Point
      • 9.1.5 AArch64 Machine Directives
      • 9.1.6 Opcodes
      • 9.1.7 Mapping Symbols
    • 9.2 Alpha Dependent Features
      • 9.2.1 Notes
      • 9.2.2 Options
      • 9.2.3 Syntax
        • 9.2.3.1 Special Characters
        • 9.2.3.2 Register Names
        • 9.2.3.3 Relocations
      • 9.2.4 Floating Point
      • 9.2.5 Alpha Assembler Directives
      • 9.2.6 Opcodes
    • 9.3 ARC Dependent Features
      • 9.3.1 Options
      • 9.3.2 Syntax
        • 9.3.2.1 Special Characters
        • 9.3.2.2 Register Names
      • 9.3.3 ARC Machine Directives
      • 9.3.4 ARC Assembler Modifiers
      • 9.3.5 ARC Pre-defined Symbols
      • 9.3.6 Opcodes
    • 9.4 ARM Dependent Features
      • 9.4.1 Options
      • 9.4.2 Syntax
        • 9.4.2.1 Instruction Set Syntax
        • 9.4.2.2 Special Characters
        • 9.4.2.3 Register Names
        • 9.4.2.4 ARM relocation generation
        • 9.4.2.5 NEON Alignment Specifiers
      • 9.4.3 Floating Point
      • 9.4.4 ARM Machine Directives
      • 9.4.5 Opcodes
      • 9.4.6 Mapping Symbols
      • 9.4.7 Unwinding
    • 9.5 AVR Dependent Features
      • 9.5.1 Options
      • 9.5.2 Syntax
        • 9.5.2.1 Special Characters
        • 9.5.2.2 Register Names
        • 9.5.2.3 Relocatable Expression Modifiers
      • 9.5.3 Opcodes
      • 9.5.4 Pseudo Instructions
    • 9.6 Blackfin Dependent Features
      • 9.6.1 Options
      • 9.6.2 Syntax
      • 9.6.3 Directives
    • 9.7 CR16 Dependent Features
      • 9.7.1 CR16 Operand Qualifiers
      • 9.7.2 CR16 Syntax
        • 9.7.2.1 Special Characters
    • 9.8 CRIS Dependent Features
      • 9.8.1 Command-line Options
      • 9.8.2 Instruction expansion
      • 9.8.3 Symbols
      • 9.8.4 Syntax
        • 9.8.4.1 Special Characters
        • 9.8.4.2 Symbols in position-independent code
        • 9.8.4.3 Register names
        • 9.8.4.4 Assembler Directives
    • 9.9 D10V Dependent Features
      • 9.9.1 D10V Options
      • 9.9.2 Syntax
        • 9.9.2.1 Size Modifiers
        • 9.9.2.2 Sub-Instructions
        • 9.9.2.3 Special Characters
        • 9.9.2.4 Register Names
        • 9.9.2.5 Addressing Modes
        • 9.9.2.6 @WORD Modifier
      • 9.9.3 Floating Point
      • 9.9.4 Opcodes
    • 9.10 D30V Dependent Features
      • 9.10.1 D30V Options
      • 9.10.2 Syntax
        • 9.10.2.1 Size Modifiers
        • 9.10.2.2 Sub-Instructions
        • 9.10.2.3 Special Characters
        • 9.10.2.4 Guarded Execution
        • 9.10.2.5 Register Names
        • 9.10.2.6 Addressing Modes
      • 9.10.3 Floating Point
      • 9.10.4 Opcodes
    • 9.11 Epiphany Dependent Features
      • 9.11.1 Options
      • 9.11.2 Epiphany Syntax
        • 9.11.2.1 Special Characters
    • 9.12 H8/300 Dependent Features
      • 9.12.1 Options
      • 9.12.2 Syntax
        • 9.12.2.1 Special Characters
        • 9.12.2.2 Register Names
        • 9.12.2.3 Addressing Modes
      • 9.12.3 Floating Point
      • 9.12.4 H8/300 Machine Directives
      • 9.12.5 Opcodes
    • 9.13 HPPA Dependent Features
      • 9.13.1 Notes
      • 9.13.2 Options
      • 9.13.3 Syntax
      • 9.13.4 Floating Point
      • 9.13.5 HPPA Assembler Directives
      • 9.13.6 Opcodes
    • 9.14 ESA/390 Dependent Features
      • 9.14.1 Notes
      • 9.14.2 Options
      • 9.14.3 Syntax
      • 9.14.4 Floating Point
      • 9.14.5 ESA/390 Assembler Directives
      • 9.14.6 Opcodes
    • 9.15 80386 Dependent Features
      • 9.15.1 Options
      • 9.15.2 x86 specific Directives
      • 9.15.3 i386 Syntactical Considerations
        • 9.15.3.1 AT&T Syntax versus Intel Syntax
        • 9.15.3.2 Special Characters
      • 9.15.4 i386-Mnemonics
        • 9.15.4.1 Instruction Naming
        • 9.15.4.2 AT&T Mnemonic versus Intel Mnemonic
      • 9.15.5 Register Naming
      • 9.15.6 Instruction Prefixes
      • 9.15.7 Memory References
      • 9.15.8 Handling of Jump Instructions
      • 9.15.9 Floating Point
      • 9.15.10 Intel’s MMX and AMD’s 3DNow! SIMD Operations
      • 9.15.11 AMD’s Lightweight Profiling Instructions
      • 9.15.12 Bit Manipulation Instructions
      • 9.15.13 AMD’s Trailing Bit Manipulation Instructions
      • 9.15.14 Writing 16-bit Code
      • 9.15.15 Specifying CPU Architecture
      • 9.15.16 AT&T Syntax bugs
      • 9.15.17 Notes
    • 9.16 Intel i860 Dependent Features
      • 9.16.1 i860 Notes
      • 9.16.2 i860 Command-line Options
        • 9.16.2.1 SVR4 compatibility options
        • 9.16.2.2 Other options
      • 9.16.3 i860 Machine Directives
      • 9.16.4 i860 Opcodes
        • 9.16.4.1 Other instruction support (pseudo-instructions)
      • 9.16.5 i860 Syntax
        • 9.16.5.1 Special Characters
    • 9.17 Intel 80960 Dependent Features
      • 9.17.1 i960 Command-line Options
      • 9.17.2 Floating Point
      • 9.17.3 i960 Machine Directives
      • 9.17.4 i960 Opcodes
        • 9.17.4.1 callj
        • 9.17.4.2 Compare-and-Branch
      • 9.17.5 Syntax for the i960
        • 9.17.5.1 Special Characters
    • 9.18 IA-64 Dependent Features
      • 9.18.1 Options
      • 9.18.2 Syntax
        • 9.18.2.1 Special Characters
        • 9.18.2.2 Register Names
        • 9.18.2.3 IA-64 Processor-Status-Register (PSR) Bit Names
        • 9.18.2.4 Relocations
      • 9.18.3 Opcodes
    • 9.19 IP2K Dependent Features
      • 9.19.1 IP2K Options
      • 9.19.2 IP2K Syntax
        • 9.19.2.1 Special Characters
    • 9.20 LM32 Dependent Features
      • 9.20.1 Options
      • 9.20.2 Syntax
        • 9.20.2.1 Register Names
        • 9.20.2.2 Relocatable Expression Modifiers
        • 9.20.2.3 Special Characters
      • 9.20.3 Opcodes
    • 9.21 M32C Dependent Features
      • 9.21.1 M32C Options
      • 9.21.2 M32C Syntax
        • 9.21.2.1 Symbolic Operand Modifiers
        • 9.21.2.2 Special Characters
    • 9.22 M32R Dependent Features
      • 9.22.1 M32R Options
      • 9.22.2 M32R Directives
      • 9.22.3 M32R Warnings
    • 9.23 M680x0 Dependent Features
      • 9.23.1 M680x0 Options
      • 9.23.2 Syntax
      • 9.23.3 Motorola Syntax
      • 9.23.4 Floating Point
      • 9.23.5 680x0 Machine Directives
      • 9.23.6 Opcodes
        • 9.23.6.1 Branch Improvement
        • 9.23.6.2 Special Characters
    • 9.24 M68HC11 and M68HC12 Dependent Features
      • 9.24.1 M68HC11 and M68HC12 Options
      • 9.24.2 Syntax
      • 9.24.3 Symbolic Operand Modifiers
      • 9.24.4 Assembler Directives
      • 9.24.5 Floating Point
      • 9.24.6 Opcodes
        • 9.24.6.1 Branch Improvement
    • 9.25 Meta Dependent Features
      • 9.25.1 Options
      • 9.25.2 Syntax
        • 9.25.2.1 Special Characters
        • 9.25.2.2 Register Names
    • 9.26 MicroBlaze Dependent Features
      • 9.26.1 Directives
      • 9.26.2 Syntax for the MicroBlaze
        • 9.26.2.1 Special Characters
    • 9.27 MIPS Dependent Features
      • 9.27.1 Assembler options
      • 9.27.2 High-level assembly macros
      • 9.27.3 Directives to override the size of symbols
      • 9.27.4 Controlling the use of small data accesses
      • 9.27.5 Directives to override the ISA level
      • 9.27.6 Directives to control code generation
      • 9.27.7 Directives for extending MIPS 16 bit instructions
      • 9.27.8 Directive to mark data as an instruction
      • 9.27.9 Directives to control the FP ABI
        • 9.27.9.1 History of FP ABIs
        • 9.27.9.2 Supported FP ABIs
        • 9.27.9.3 Automatic selection of FP ABI
        • 9.27.9.4 Linking different FP ABI variants
      • 9.27.10 Directives to record which NaN encoding is being used
      • 9.27.11 Directives to save and restore options
      • 9.27.12 Directives to control generation of MIPS ASE instructions
      • 9.27.13 Directives to override floating-point options
      • 9.27.14 Syntactical considerations for the MIPS assembler
        • 9.27.14.1 Special Characters
    • 9.28 MMIX Dependent Features
      • 9.28.1 Command-line Options
      • 9.28.2 Instruction expansion
      • 9.28.3 Syntax
        • 9.28.3.1 Special Characters
        • 9.28.3.2 Symbols
        • 9.28.3.3 Register names
        • 9.28.3.4 Assembler Directives
      • 9.28.4 Differences to mmixal
    • 9.29 MSP 430 Dependent Features
      • 9.29.1 Options
      • 9.29.2 Syntax
        • 9.29.2.1 Macros
        • 9.29.2.2 Special Characters
        • 9.29.2.3 Register Names
        • 9.29.2.4 Assembler Extensions
      • 9.29.3 Floating Point
      • 9.29.4 MSP 430 Machine Directives
      • 9.29.5 Opcodes
      • 9.29.6 Profiling Capability
    • 9.30 NDS32 Dependent Features
      • 9.30.1 NDS32 Options
      • 9.30.2 Syntax
        • 9.30.2.1 Special Characters
        • 9.30.2.2 Register Names
        • 9.30.2.3 Pseudo Instructions
    • 9.31 Nios II Dependent Features
      • 9.31.1 Options
      • 9.31.2 Syntax
        • 9.31.2.1 Special Characters
      • 9.31.3 Nios II Machine Relocations
      • 9.31.4 Nios II Machine Directives
      • 9.31.5 Opcodes
    • 9.32 NS32K Dependent Features
      • 9.32.1 Syntax
        • 9.32.1.1 Special Characters
    • 9.33 PDP-11 Dependent Features
      • 9.33.1 Options
        • 9.33.1.1 Code Generation Options
        • 9.33.1.2 Instruction Set Extension Options
        • 9.33.1.3 CPU Model Options
        • 9.33.1.4 Machine Model Options
      • 9.33.2 Assembler Directives
      • 9.33.3 PDP-11 Assembly Language Syntax
      • 9.33.4 Instruction Naming
      • 9.33.5 Synthetic Instructions
    • 9.34 picoJava Dependent Features
      • 9.34.1 Options
      • 9.34.2 PJ Syntax
        • 9.34.2.1 Special Characters
    • 9.35 PowerPC Dependent Features
      • 9.35.1 Options
      • 9.35.2 PowerPC Assembler Directives
      • 9.35.3 PowerPC Syntax
        • 9.35.3.1 Special Characters
    • 9.36 PRU Dependent Features
      • 9.36.1 Options
      • 9.36.2 Syntax
        • 9.36.2.1 Special Characters
      • 9.36.3 PRU Machine Relocations
      • 9.36.4 PRU Machine Directives
      • 9.36.5 Opcodes
    • 9.37 RISC-V Dependent Features
      • 9.37.1 RISC-V Options
      • 9.37.2 RISC-V Directives
    • 9.38 RL78 Dependent Features
      • 9.38.1 RL78 Options
      • 9.38.2 Symbolic Operand Modifiers
      • 9.38.3 Assembler Directives
      • 9.38.4 Syntax for the RL78
        • 9.38.4.1 Special Characters
    • 9.39 RX Dependent Features
      • 9.39.1 RX Options
      • 9.39.2 Symbolic Operand Modifiers
      • 9.39.3 Assembler Directives
      • 9.39.4 Floating Point
      • 9.39.5 Syntax for the RX
        • 9.39.5.1 Special Characters
    • 9.40 IBM S/390 Dependent Features
      • 9.40.1 Options
      • 9.40.2 Special Characters
      • 9.40.3 Instruction syntax
        • 9.40.3.1 Register naming
        • 9.40.3.2 Instruction Mnemonics
        • 9.40.3.3 Instruction Operands
        • 9.40.3.4 Instruction Formats
        • 9.40.3.5 Instruction Aliases
        • 9.40.3.6 Instruction Operand Modifier
        • 9.40.3.7 Instruction Marker
        • 9.40.3.8 Literal Pool Entries
      • 9.40.4 Assembler Directives
      • 9.40.5 Floating Point
    • 9.41 SCORE Dependent Features
      • 9.41.1 Options
      • 9.41.2 SCORE Assembler Directives
      • 9.41.3 SCORE Syntax
        • 9.41.3.1 Special Characters
    • 9.42 Renesas / SuperH SH Dependent Features
      • 9.42.1 Options
      • 9.42.2 Syntax
        • 9.42.2.1 Special Characters
        • 9.42.2.2 Register Names
        • 9.42.2.3 Addressing Modes
      • 9.42.3 Floating Point
      • 9.42.4 SH Machine Directives
      • 9.42.5 Opcodes
    • 9.43 SuperH SH64 Dependent Features
      • 9.43.1 Options
      • 9.43.2 Syntax
        • 9.43.2.1 Special Characters
        • 9.43.2.2 Register Names
        • 9.43.2.3 Addressing Modes
      • 9.43.3 SH64 Machine Directives
      • 9.43.4 Opcodes
    • 9.44 SPARC Dependent Features
      • 9.44.1 Options
      • 9.44.2 Enforcing aligned data
      • 9.44.3 Sparc Syntax
        • 9.44.3.1 Special Characters
        • 9.44.3.2 Register Names
        • 9.44.3.3 Constants
        • 9.44.3.4 Relocations
        • 9.44.3.5 Size Translations
      • 9.44.4 Floating Point
      • 9.44.5 Sparc Machine Directives
    • 9.45 TIC54X Dependent Features
      • 9.45.1 Options
      • 9.45.2 Blocking
      • 9.45.3 Environment Settings
      • 9.45.4 Constants Syntax
      • 9.45.5 String Substitution
      • 9.45.6 Local Labels
      • 9.45.7 Math Builtins
      • 9.45.8 Extended Addressing
      • 9.45.9 Directives
      • 9.45.10 Macros
      • 9.45.11 Memory-mapped Registers
      • 9.45.12 TIC54X Syntax
        • 9.45.12.1 Special Characters
    • 9.46 TIC6X Dependent Features
      • 9.46.1 TIC6X Options
      • 9.46.2 TIC6X Syntax
      • 9.46.3 TIC6X Directives
    • 9.47 TILE-Gx Dependent Features
      • 9.47.1 Options
      • 9.47.2 Syntax
        • 9.47.2.1 Opcode Names
        • 9.47.2.2 Register Names
        • 9.47.2.3 Symbolic Operand Modifiers
      • 9.47.3 TILE-Gx Directives
    • 9.48 TILEPro Dependent Features
      • 9.48.1 Options
      • 9.48.2 Syntax
        • 9.48.2.1 Opcode Names
        • 9.48.2.2 Register Names
        • 9.48.2.3 Symbolic Operand Modifiers
      • 9.48.3 TILEPro Directives
    • 9.49 v850 Dependent Features
      • 9.49.1 Options
      • 9.49.2 Syntax
        • 9.49.2.1 Special Characters
        • 9.49.2.2 Register Names
      • 9.49.3 Floating Point
      • 9.49.4 V850 Machine Directives
      • 9.49.5 Opcodes
    • 9.50 VAX Dependent Features
      • 9.50.1 VAX Command-Line Options
      • 9.50.2 VAX Floating Point
      • 9.50.3 Vax Machine Directives
      • 9.50.4 VAX Opcodes
      • 9.50.5 VAX Branch Improvement
      • 9.50.6 VAX Operands
      • 9.50.7 Not Supported on VAX
      • 9.50.8 VAX Syntax
        • 9.50.8.1 Special Characters
    • 9.51 Visium Dependent Features
      • 9.51.1 Options
      • 9.51.2 Syntax
        • 9.51.2.1 Special Characters
        • 9.51.2.2 Register Names
      • 9.51.3 Opcodes
    • 9.52 WebAssembly Dependent Features
      • 9.52.1 Notes
      • 9.52.2 Syntax
        • 9.52.2.1 Special Characters
        • 9.52.2.2 Relocations
        • 9.52.2.3 Signatures
      • 9.52.3 Floating Point
      • 9.52.4 Regular Opcodes
      • 9.52.5 WebAssembly Module Layout
    • 9.53 XGATE Dependent Features
      • 9.53.1 XGATE Options
      • 9.53.2 Syntax
      • 9.53.3 Assembler Directives
      • 9.53.4 Floating Point
      • 9.53.5 Opcodes
    • 9.54 XStormy16 Dependent Features
      • 9.54.1 Syntax
        • 9.54.1.1 Special Characters
      • 9.54.2 XStormy16 Machine Directives
      • 9.54.3 XStormy16 Pseudo-Opcodes
    • 9.55 Xtensa Dependent Features
      • 9.55.1 Command Line Options
      • 9.55.2 Assembler Syntax
        • 9.55.2.1 Opcode Names
        • 9.55.2.2 Register Names
      • 9.55.3 Xtensa Optimizations
        • 9.55.3.1 Using Density Instructions
        • 9.55.3.2 Automatic Instruction Alignment
      • 9.55.4 Xtensa Relaxation
        • 9.55.4.1 Conditional Branch Relaxation
        • 9.55.4.2 Function Call Relaxation
        • 9.55.4.3 Jump Relaxation
        • 9.55.4.4 Other Immediate Field Relaxation
      • 9.55.5 Directives
        • 9.55.5.1 schedule
        • 9.55.5.2 longcalls
        • 9.55.5.3 transform
        • 9.55.5.4 literal
        • 9.55.5.5 literal_position
        • 9.55.5.6 literal_prefix
        • 9.55.5.7 absolute-literals
    • 9.56 Z80 Dependent Features
      • 9.56.1 Options
      • 9.56.2 Syntax
        • 9.56.2.1 Special Characters
        • 9.56.2.2 Register Names
        • 9.56.2.3 Case Sensitivity
      • 9.56.3 Floating Point
      • 9.56.4 Z80 Assembler Directives
      • 9.56.5 Opcodes
    • 9.57 Z8000 Dependent Features
      • 9.57.1 Options
      • 9.57.2 Syntax
        • 9.57.2.1 Special Characters
        • 9.57.2.2 Register Names
        • 9.57.2.3 Addressing Modes
      • 9.57.3 Assembler Directives for the Z8000
      • 9.57.4 Opcodes
  • 10 Reporting Bugs
    • 10.1 Have You Found a Bug?
    • 10.2 How to Report Bugs
  • 11 Acknowledgements
  • Appendix A GNU Free Documentation License
  • AS Index

Next: Overview, Up: (dir)   [Contents][Index]


Using as

This file is a user guide to the GNU assembler as (GNU Binutils) version 2.30.

This document is distributed under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License”.

• Overview:    Overview
• Invoking:    Command-Line Options
• Syntax:    Syntax
• Sections:    Sections and Relocation
• Symbols:    Symbols
• Expressions:    Expressions
• Pseudo Ops:    Assembler Directives
• Object Attributes:    Object Attributes
• Machine Dependencies:    Machine Dependent Features
• Reporting Bugs:    Reporting Bugs
• Acknowledgements:    Who Did What
• GNU Free Documentation License:    GNU Free Documentation License
• AS Index:    AS Index

Next: Overview, Up: (dir)   [Contents][Index]