| GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) Internals: Frame Registers |
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This discusses registers that address the stack frame.
The register number of the stack pointer register, which must also be a
fixed register according to FIXED_REGISTERS. On most machines,
the hardware determines which register this is.
The register number of the frame pointer register, which is used to access automatic variables in the stack frame. On some machines, the hardware determines which register this is. On other machines, you can choose any register you wish for this purpose.
On some machines the offset between the frame pointer and starting
offset of the automatic variables is not known until after register
allocation has been done (for example, because the saved registers are
between these two locations). On those machines, define
FRAME_POINTER_REGNUM the number of a special, fixed register to
be used internally until the offset is known, and define
HARD_FRAME_POINTER_REGNUM to be the actual hard register number
used for the frame pointer.
You should define this macro only in the very rare circumstances when it
is not possible to calculate the offset between the frame pointer and
the automatic variables until after register allocation has been
completed. When this macro is defined, you must also indicate in your
definition of ELIMINABLE_REGS how to eliminate
FRAME_POINTER_REGNUM into either HARD_FRAME_POINTER_REGNUM
or STACK_POINTER_REGNUM.
Do not define this macro if it would be the same as
FRAME_POINTER_REGNUM.
The register number of the arg pointer register, which is used to access
the function’s argument list. On some machines, this is the same as the
frame pointer register. On some machines, the hardware determines which
register this is. On other machines, you can choose any register you
wish for this purpose. If this is not the same register as the frame
pointer register, then you must mark it as a fixed register according to
FIXED_REGISTERS, or arrange to be able to eliminate it
(see Elimination).
Define this to a preprocessor constant that is nonzero if
hard_frame_pointer_rtx and frame_pointer_rtx should be
the same. The default definition is ‘(HARD_FRAME_POINTER_REGNUM
== FRAME_POINTER_REGNUM)’; you only need to define this macro if that
definition is not suitable for use in preprocessor conditionals.
Define this to a preprocessor constant that is nonzero if
hard_frame_pointer_rtx and arg_pointer_rtx should be the
same. The default definition is ‘(HARD_FRAME_POINTER_REGNUM ==
ARG_POINTER_REGNUM)’; you only need to define this macro if that
definition is not suitable for use in preprocessor conditionals.
The register number of the return address pointer register, which is used to
access the current function’s return address from the stack. On some
machines, the return address is not at a fixed offset from the frame
pointer or stack pointer or argument pointer. This register can be defined
to point to the return address on the stack, and then be converted by
ELIMINABLE_REGS into either the frame pointer or stack pointer.
Do not define this macro unless there is no other way to get the return address from the stack.
Register numbers used for passing a function’s static chain pointer. If
register windows are used, the register number as seen by the called
function is STATIC_CHAIN_INCOMING_REGNUM, while the register
number as seen by the calling function is STATIC_CHAIN_REGNUM. If
these registers are the same, STATIC_CHAIN_INCOMING_REGNUM need
not be defined.
The static chain register need not be a fixed register.
If the static chain is passed in memory, these macros should not be
defined; instead, the TARGET_STATIC_CHAIN hook should be used.
This hook replaces the use of STATIC_CHAIN_REGNUM et al for
targets that may use different static chain locations for different
nested functions. This may be required if the target has function
attributes that affect the calling conventions of the function and
those calling conventions use different static chain locations.
The default version of this hook uses STATIC_CHAIN_REGNUM et al.
If the static chain is passed in memory, this hook should be used to
provide rtx giving mem expressions that denote where they are stored.
Often the mem expression as seen by the caller will be at an offset
from the stack pointer and the mem expression as seen by the callee
will be at an offset from the frame pointer.
The variables stack_pointer_rtx, frame_pointer_rtx, and
arg_pointer_rtx will have been initialized and should be used
to refer to those items.
This macro specifies the maximum number of hard registers that can be saved in a call frame. This is used to size data structures used in DWARF2 exception handling.
Prior to GCC 3.0, this macro was needed in order to establish a stable exception handling ABI in the face of adding new hard registers for ISA extensions. In GCC 3.0 and later, the EH ABI is insulated from changes in the number of hard registers. Nevertheless, this macro can still be used to reduce the runtime memory requirements of the exception handling routines, which can be substantial if the ISA contains a lot of registers that are not call-saved.
If this macro is not defined, it defaults to
FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER.
This macro is similar to DWARF_FRAME_REGISTERS, but is provided
for backward compatibility in pre GCC 3.0 compiled code.
If this macro is not defined, it defaults to
DWARF_FRAME_REGISTERS.
Define this macro if the target’s representation for dwarf registers is different than the internal representation for unwind column. Given a dwarf register, this macro should return the internal unwind column number to use instead.
See the PowerPC’s SPE target for an example.
Define this macro if the target’s representation for dwarf registers
used in .eh_frame or .debug_frame is different from that used in other
debug info sections. Given a GCC hard register number, this macro
should return the .eh_frame register number. The default is
DBX_REGISTER_NUMBER (regno).
Define this macro to map register numbers held in the call frame info
that GCC has collected using DWARF_FRAME_REGNUM to those that
should be output in .debug_frame (
for_eh
is zero) and
.eh_frame (
for_eh
is nonzero). The default is to
return
regno
.
Define this macro if the target stores register values as
_Unwind_Word type in unwind context. It should be defined if
target register size is larger than the size of void *. The
default is to store register values as void * type.
Define this macro to be 1 if the target always uses extended unwind
context with version, args_size and by_value fields. If it is undefined,
it will be defined to 1 when REG_VALUE_IN_UNWIND_CONTEXT is
defined and 0 otherwise.
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