Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC): MSP430 Function Attributes

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6.31.19 MSP430 Function Attributes

These function attributes are supported by the MSP430 back end:

critical

Critical functions disable interrupts upon entry and restore the previous interrupt state upon exit. Critical functions cannot also have the naked or reentrant attributes. They can have the interrupt attribute.

interrupt

Use this attribute to indicate that the specified function is an interrupt handler. The compiler generates function entry and exit sequences suitable for use in an interrupt handler when this attribute is present.

You can provide an argument to the interrupt attribute which specifies a name or number. If the argument is a number it indicates the slot in the interrupt vector table (0 - 31) to which this handler should be assigned. If the argument is a name it is treated as a symbolic name for the vector slot. These names should match up with appropriate entries in the linker script. By default the names watchdog for vector 26, nmi for vector 30 and reset for vector 31 are recognized.

naked

This attribute allows the compiler to construct the requisite function declaration, while allowing the body of the function to be assembly code. The specified function will not have prologue/epilogue sequences generated by the compiler. Only basic asm statements can safely be included in naked functions (see Basic Asm). While using extended asm or a mixture of basic asm and C code may appear to work, they cannot be depended upon to work reliably and are not supported.

reentrant

Reentrant functions disable interrupts upon entry and enable them upon exit. Reentrant functions cannot also have the naked or critical attributes. They can have the interrupt attribute.

wakeup

This attribute only applies to interrupt functions. It is silently ignored if applied to a non-interrupt function. A wakeup interrupt function will rouse the processor from any low-power state that it might be in when the function exits.

lower

upper

either

On the MSP430 target these attributes can be used to specify whether the function or variable should be placed into low memory, high memory, or the placement should be left to the linker to decide. The attributes are only significant if compiling for the MSP430X architecture.

The attributes work in conjunction with a linker script that has been augmented to specify where to place sections with a .lower and a .upper prefix. So, for example, as well as placing the .data section, the script also specifies the placement of a .lower.data and a .upper.data section. The intention is that lower sections are placed into a small but easier to access memory region and the upper sections are placed into a larger, but slower to access, region.

The either attribute is special. It tells the linker to place the object into the corresponding lower section if there is room for it. If there is insufficient room then the object is placed into the corresponding upper section instead. Note that the placement algorithm is not very sophisticated. It does not attempt to find an optimal packing of the lower sections. It just makes one pass over the objects and does the best that it can. Using the -ffunction-sections and -fdata-sections command-line options can help the packing, however, since they produce smaller, easier to pack regions.

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